Mazmur 39:4-5

39:4 “O Lord, help me understand my mortality

and the brevity of life! ¹ 

Let me realize how quickly my life will pass! ² 

39:5 Look, you make my days short-lived, ³ 

and my life span is nothing from your perspective. ⁴ 

Surely all people, even those who seem secure, are nothing but vapor. ⁵ 

Mazmur 39:11

39:11 You severely discipline people for their sins; ⁶ 

like a moth you slowly devour their strength. ⁷ 

Surely all people are a mere vapor. (Selah)

Mazmur 62:9

62:9 Men are nothing but a mere breath;

human beings are unreliable. ⁸ 

When they are weighed in the scales,

all of them together are lighter than air. ⁹ 

Mazmur 78:39

78:39 He remembered ¹⁰  that they were made of flesh,

and were like a wind that blows past and does not return. ¹¹ 

Mazmur 89:47

89:47 Take note of my brief lifespan! ¹² 

Why do you make all people so mortal? ¹³ 

Mazmur 144:4

144:4 People ¹⁴  are like a vapor,

their days like a shadow that disappears. ¹⁵ 

[39:4]  ¹ tn Heb “Cause me to know, O Lord, my end; and the measure of my days, what it is!”

[39:4]  ² tn Heb “Let me know how transient I am!”

[39:5]  ³ tn Heb “Look, handbreadths you make my days.” The “handbreadth” (equivalent to the width of four fingers) was one of the smallest measures used by ancient Israelites. See P. C. Craigie, Psalms 1-50 (WBC), 309.

[39:5]  ⁴ tn Heb “is like nothing before you.”

[39:5]  ⁵ tn Heb “surely, all vapor [is] all mankind, standing firm.” Another option is to translate, “Surely, all mankind, though seemingly secure, is nothing but a vapor.”

[39:11]  ⁶ tn “with punishments on account of sin you discipline a man.”

[39:11]  ⁷ tc Heb “you cause to dissolve, like a moth, his desired [thing].” The translation assumes an emendation of חֲמוּדוֹ (khamudo, “his desirable [thing]”) to חֶמְדוֹ (khemdo, “his loveliness” [or “beauty”]), a reading that is supported by a few medieval Hebrew mss.

[62:9]  ⁸ tn Heb “only a breath [are] the sons of mankind, a lie [are] the sons of man.” The phrases “sons of mankind” and “sons of man” also appear together in Ps 49:2. Because of the parallel line there, where “rich and poor” are mentioned, a number of interpreters and translators treat these expressions as polar opposites, בְּנֵי אָדָם (bÿney ’adam) referring to the lower classes and בְּנֵי אִישׁ (bÿney ’ish) to higher classes. But usage does not support such a view. The rare phrase בְּנֵי אִישׁ (“sons of man”) appears to refer to human beings in general in its other uses (see Pss 4:2; Lam 3:33). It is better to understand the phrases as synonymous expressions.

[62:9]  ⁹ tn The noun הֶבֶל (hevel), translated “a breath” earlier in the verse, appears again here.

[78:39]  ¹⁰ tn The prefixed verbal form with vav (ו) consecutive signals a return to the narrative.

[78:39]  ¹¹ tn Heb “and he remembered that they [were] flesh, a wind [that] goes and does not return.”

[89:47]  ¹² tn Heb “remember me, what is [my] lifespan.” The Hebrew term חֶלֶד (kheled) is also used of one’s lifespan in Ps 39:5. Because the Hebrew text is so awkward here, some prefer to emend it to read מֶה חָדֵל אָנִי (meh khadel ’aniy, “[remember] how transient [that is, “short-lived”] I am”; see Ps 39:4).

[89:47]  ¹³ tn Heb “For what emptiness do you create all the sons of mankind?” In this context the term שָׁוְא (shavah) refers to mankind’s mortal nature and the brevity of life (see vv. 45, 48).

[144:4]  ¹⁴ tn Heb “man,” or “mankind.”

[144:4]  ¹⁵ tn Heb “his days [are] like a shadow that passes away,” that is, like a late afternoon shadow made by the descending sun that will soon be swallowed up by complete darkness. See Ps 102:11.